Predicting Metabolic Syndrome Using Anthropometric Indices among Chinese Adolescents with Different Nutritional Status: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the predictive performance of anthropometric indices for metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Chinese adolescents with different nutritional status. METHODS: We recruited 9,513 adolescents aged 10-18 years from seven provinces in China during September 2014. Anthropometric indices and blood pressure were measured at recruitment, and blood samples were collected for determining fasting plasma glucose and lipid profile. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to assess the predictive performance of anthropometric indices, including body mass index (BMI) percentile, waist circumference percentile, waist-height ratio, and waist-hip ratio. RESULTS: Overall, the four anthropometric indices showed good accuracy for predicting MetS with areas under ROC curves (AUCs) ranging from 0.86 to 0.94; similar AUCs ranging from 0.73 to 0.99 were observed for participants with normal weight. The performance of all four indices was poor in overweight and obese participants, with AUCs ranging from 0.66 to 0.77 and from 0.60 to 0.67, respectively. Waist circumference showed relatively better performance in all the subgroup analyses. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest using anthropometric indices with the cutoff values presented here for predicting MetS in the overall and normal-weight adolescent population, but not in the overweight and obese adolescent population where more specific screening tests are required.

Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: A national cross-sectional study in China.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) rapidly increased over the past decades. However, little evidence exists about the effects of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution on MetS in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the association between long-term ambient air pollution and the prevalence of MetS in a large population of Chinese children and adolescents. METHODS: In 2013, a total of 9,897 children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 years were recruited from seven provinces/municipalities in China. MetS was defined based on the recommendation by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Satellite based spatio-temporal models were used to estimate exposure to ambient air pollution (including particles with diameters ≤1.0 µm (PM1), ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5), and ≤10 µm (PM10), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)). Individual exposure was calculated according to 94 schools addresses. After adjustment for a range of covariates, generalized linear mixed-effects models were utilized to evaluate the associations between air pollutants and the prevalence of MetS and its components. In addition, several stratified analyses were examined according to sex, weight status, outdoor physical activity time, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake. RESULTS: The prevalence of MetS was 2.8%. The odds ratio of MetS associated with a 10 µg/m3 increase in PM1, PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 was 1.20 (95%CI: 0.99, 1.46), 1.31 (95%CI: 1.05, 1.64), 1.32 (95%CI: 1.08, 1.62), and 1.33 (95%CI: 1.03, 1.72), respectively. Regarding the MetS components, we observed associations between all pollutants and abdominal obesity. In addition, long-term PM1 and NO2 exposures were associated with the prevalence of elevated fasting blood glucose. Stratified analyses detected that the associations between air pollutants and the prevalence of MetS were stronger in boys (Pinteraction < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We found that long-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 were positively associated with the prevalence of MetS in children and adolescents. Our findings may have certain public health implications for some comprehensive strategy of environment improvement and lifestyles changes in order to reduce the burden of non-communicable disease.

Greenness surrounding schools and adiposity in children and adolescents: Findings from a national population-based study in China.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have indicated that exposure to green space may benefit human health. However, the available evidence concerning the effects of greenness, especially school-based greenness, on pediatric obesity is scarce. OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between school-based greenness and adiposity in children and adolescents in China. METHOD: We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study of 56,620 children and adolescents (aged 6-18 years) in seven provinces/municipalities across China. School-based greenness was assessed using satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) within 100-, 500-, and 1000-m circular buffers around each school's address. Generalized linear mixed regression models were used to estimate associations of greenness with BMI z-scores (zBMI), waist circumference, and prevalent overweight/obesity. We also explored the potential mediating role of ambient air pollution and physical activity in the greenness-adiposity associations. RESULT: In the adjusted model, an IQR increase in NDVI-1000m was associated with lower zBMI (ß: -0.11, 95% confidence interval[CI]: -0.13,-0.09) and waist circumference (ß: -0.64, 95%CI: -0.78,-0.50). Consistently, an IQR increase in NDVI-100m, NDVI-500m, NDVI-1000m was associated with 7-20% lower odds of overweight/obesity in the adjusted models. Air pollutants mediated 6.5-29.1% of the association between greenness and zBMI. No significant mediation effect was observed for physical activity. CONCLUSION: Higher school-based greenness levels were associated with lower zBMI, waist circumference, and lower odds of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Ambient air pollutants may partially mediate the greenness-adiposity associations.

Exposure to ambient air pollution and blood lipids in children and adolescents: A national population based study in China.

Few studies have explored the links of air pollution and childhood lipid profiles and dyslipidemias. We aimed to explore this topic in Chinese children and adolescents. This study included 12,814 children aged 7-18 years who participated in a national survey in 2013. Satellite-based spatial-temporal model was used to predict 3-y (2011-2013) average particles with diameters ≤ 1.0 µm (PM1), ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5), ≤10 µm (PM10), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations. Generalized linear mixed models were employed to evaluate the relationships of air pollution and total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and dyslipidemias. Every 10 µg/m3 increase in PM1, PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 was related to increases of 6.20% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.44, 10.10], 5.31% (95%CI: 0.41, 10.44), 3.49% (95%CI: 0.97, 6.08), and 5.25% (95%CI: 1.56, 9.07) in TC, respectively. The odds ratio of hypercholesterolemia associated with a 10 µg/m3 increase in PM1, PM2.5, and NO2 was 2.15 (95%CI: 1.27, 3.65), 1.70 (95%CI: 1.12, 2.60), and 1.43 (95%CI: 1.05, 1.93), respectively. No associations were found for air pollution and other blood lipids. Long-term PM1, PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 exposures were positively associated with TC levels and risk of hypercholesterolemia in children and adolescents.

Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy and HIV Exposure in Utero on Adverse Pregnancy and Infant Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study in Guangzhou, China.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of in-utero exposure to HIV and ART on pregnancy outcome and early growth of children. METHODS: This cohort study enrolled 802 HIV-infected pregnant women between October 2009 and May 2018 in Guangzhou, China. The women were assigned to receive combination ART (cART) or mono/dual ART or no treatment. The primary outcomes were the combined endpoints of any adverse pregnancy outcome [including ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, preterm birth, small for gestational age (SGA)] and adverse early growth outcome (including infant death, HIV infection of mother-to-child transmission, and underweight, wasting and stunting of infants at 4 weeks of age). RESULTS: Adverse pregnancy outcomes occurred in 202 (35.1%) of all enrolled HIV-infected women, and 121 (31.3%) of all infants exhibited adverse effects on early growth at 4 weeks of age. The rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes, spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy, stillbirth, infant death and perinatal HIV infection were higher among women not receiving ART, compared to those treated with cART or mono/dual ART (P < 0.05). However, women treated with cART had a higher rate of SGA, compared to untreated women (P < 0.05). No differences in early infant growth were observed among the different treatment regimens. CONCLUSION: Our findings underscore the essentiality of prioritizing HIV-positive pregnant women for ART, as even mono/dual ART available in resource-limited countries could improve pregnancy outcomes and infant survival..

Subjective Well-being and Family Functioning among Adolescents Left Behind by Migrating Parents in Jiangxi Province, China.

We sought to identify the differences between adolescents left behind in their home villages/towns (LBA) and non-left behind adolescents (NLB) on subjective well-being and family functioning due to parental migration in south China. We used a stratified cluster sampling method to recruit middle school students in a city experiencing population-emigration in Jiangxi Province in 2010. Participants included adolescents from families with: (1) one migrant parent, (2) both parents who migrated, or (3) non-left behind adolescents (i.e., no migrant parent). To determine predictors of subjective well-being, we used structural equation models. Adolescents left behind by both parents (LBB) were less likely to express life satisfaction (P = 0.038) in terms of their environments (P = 0.011) compared with NLB. A parent or parents who migrated predicts lower subjective well-being of adolescents (P = 0.051) and also lower academic performance. Being apart from their parents may affect family functioning negatively from an adolescent's viewpoint. Given the hundreds of millions of persons in China, many who are parents, migrating for work, there may be mental health challenges in some of the adolescents left behind.

Joint association between body fat and its distribution with all-cause mortality: A data linkage cohort study based on NHANES (1988-2011).

OBJECTIVE: Although obesity is recognized as an important risk of mortality, how the amount and distribution of body fat affect mortality risk is unclear. Furthermore, whether fat distribution confers any additional risk of mortality in addition to fat amount is not understood. METHODS: This data linkage cohort study included 16415 participants (8554 females) aged 18 to 89 years from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (1988-1994) and its linked mortality data (31 December 2011). Cox proportional hazard models and parametric survival models were used to estimate the association between body fat percentage (BF%), based on bioelectrical impedance analysis, and waist-hip ratio (WHR) with mortality. RESULTS: A total of 4999 deaths occurred during 19-year follow-up. A U-shaped association between BF% and mortality was found in both sexes, with the adjusted hazard ratios for other groups between 1.02 (95% confidence interval: 0.89, 1.18) and 2.10 (1.47, 3.01) when BF% groups of 25-30% in males and 30-35% in females were used as references. A non-linear relationship between WHR and mortality was detected in males, with the adjusted hazard ratios among other groups ranging from 1.05 (0.94, 1.18) to 1.52 (1.15, 2.00) compared with the WHR category of 0.95-1.0. However in females, the death risk constantly increased across the WHR spectrum. Joint impact of BF% and WHR suggested males with BF% of 25-30% and WHR of 0.95-1.0 and females with BF% of 30-35% and WHR <0.9 were associated with the lowest mortality risk and longest survival age compared with their counterparts in other categories. CONCLUSIONS: This study supported the use of body fat distribution in addition to fat amount in assessing the risk of all-cause mortality.

Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Risks of Obesity and Hypertension in Chinese Children and Adolescents: A National Cross-Sectional Analysis.

We investigated the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and its association with obesity and hypertension in a national sample of children and adolescents in China, where many low- and middle-income families live. Data were obtained from a 2014 national intervention program against obesity in Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years. Height, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure were measured. Information of SSB consumption, socioeconomic status, dietary intake, screen time, and physical activity were self-reported. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association of SSB consumption with obesity and hypertension. A total of 66.6% of the 53,151 participants reported consuming SSB. The per capita and per consumer SSB intake were 2.84 ± 5.26 servings/week and 4.26 ± 5.96 servings/week, respectively. Boys, older children, and adolescents, and individuals with long screen time or high physical activity or low parental education level were more likely to consume SSB. Participants who were high SSB consumers had a higher odds ratio (1.133, 95% CI: 1.054-1.217) than non-consumers for having abdominal obesity after adjustment for age, sex, residence, socioeconomic status, diet, screen time, and physical activity. However, SSB consumption was not associated with general obesity or hypertension in children and adolescents. In conclusion, more than half of the children and adolescents in China consumed SSB, which was independently related to a high risk of abdominal obesity. The results of this study indicated that SSB reduction strategies and policies may be useful in preventing obesity among Chinese children and adolescents.

Available Evidence of Association between Zika Virus and Microcephaly.

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the possible association between the Zika virus (ZIKV) and microcephaly and understand where we are in terms of research and the debate on the causation between mild maternal clinical features and severe fetal microcephaly. DATA SOURCES: We did a comprehensive literature review with the keywords "zika" and/or "microcephaly" from inception to May 27, 2016, with PubMed. STUDY SELECTION: Studies were included and analyzed if they met all of the following criteria: "probable or confirmed infant microcephaly" and "probable or confirmed ZIKV infection among mothers or infants". RESULTS: We emphasize the diagnosis of ZIKV infection, including maternal clinical manifestations, maternal and fetal laboratory confirmation, and possible autopsy if need. Other confounders that may lead to microcephaly should be excluded from the study. We presented the results from clinical manifestations of ZIKV infection, testing methods evolving but the mechanism of microcephaly uncertain, flexible definition challenging the diagnosis of microcephaly, and limited causal reference on pregnant women. We made analog comparison of severe acute respiratory syndrome and chikungunya virus in terms of DNA mutation and global movement to provide further research recommendation. The chance of catch-up growth may decrease the number of pervious "diagnosed" microcephaly. CONCLUSIONS: There are some evidence available through mice models and direct isolation of ZIKV in affected pregnancies on kindly causal relationship but not convincible enough. We analyzed and presented the weakness or limitation of published reports with the desire to shed light to further study directions.

[Simultaneous determination of 4 diterpenoids in Rabdosia japonica var.glaucocalyx by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and cluster analysis].

A quick HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was established for simultaneous determination of four major diterpenoids in Rabdosia japonica var.glaucocalyx, including glaucocalyxin A, oridonin, hebeirubesensin and enmenol. Analysis was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 µm ) column eluted in a gradient program with methanol and water. The flow rate was 0.8 mL•min⁻¹. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scanning mode was performed in negative ion switching mode to apply for the quantitative determination. The calibration curves for the above four compounds were linear in corresponding injection amount. The average recoveries of the compounds ranged from 92.40% to 105.9%, with RSDs of 1.7%-6.5%. The method is simple, rapid, accurate with good repeatability, which can provide a reference for overcalling evaluation the quality of R. japonica var.glaucocalyx. The result of cluster analysis- showed that the quality of R. japonica glaucocalyx var. greatly varied between areas and parts.

[Simultaneous determination of 3 phenolic acids in Usnea by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS].

A quick HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was established for simultaneous determination of three chemical compositions in Usnea, including usnic acid, diffractaic acid, and ramalic acid. The separation was performed on a chromatographic column of Agilent ZORBAX SB-C, (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 µm), and the mobile phase was methanol (0.05% formic acid)-0.05% formic acid solution (4 mmol ammonium acetate), with an isocratic elution at a flow rate of 0.8 ml · min⁻¹. Multiple reaction monitoring scanning mode (MRM) was performed combined with the ion switching technology in positive and negative ion switching mode to apply for the quantitative determination. The calibration curves for the above three compounds were linear in corresponding injection amount. Their average recoveries were 95.0%-105.1%, with RSDs of 1.1%-5.2%. The method was simple, rapid, accurate with high repeatability, which could provide a reference for overcalling evaluation the quality of Usnea.

(Z)-5-(4-methoxybenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione protects rats from carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury and fibrogenesis.

AIM: To evaluate the hepatoprotective roles of (Z)-5-(4-methoxybenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione (SKLB010) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute and chronic liver injury and its underlying mechanisms of action. METHODS: In the first experiment, rats were weighed and randomly divided into 5 groups (five rats in each group) to assess the protective effect of SKLB010 on acute liver injury. For induction of acute injury, rats were administered a single intraperitoneal injection of 2 mL/kg of 50% (v/v) CCl4 dissolved in olive oil (1:1). Group 1 was untreated and served as the control group; group 2 received CCl4 for induction of liver injury and served as the model group. In groups 3, 4 and 5, rats receiving CCl4 were also treated with SKLB010 at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. Blood samples were collected at 6, 12 and 24 h after CCl4 intoxication to determine the serum activity of alanine amino transferase. Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. At 24 h after CCl4 injection, liver fibrogenesis was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical analyses. Cytokine transcript levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the liver tissues of rats were measured using a reverse transcriptase reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technique. In the second experiment, rats were randomly divided into 2 groups (15 rats in each group), and liver injury in the CCl4-administered groups was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 2 mL/kg of 50% (v/v) CCl4 dissolved in olive oil (1:1). The SKLB010-treated groups received oral 100 mg/kg SKLB010 before CCl4 administration. Five rats in each group were sacrificed at 2 h, 6 h, 12 h after CCl4 intoxication and small fortions of livers were rapidly frozen for extraction of total RNA, hepatic proteins and glutathione (GSH) assays. In the hepatic fibrosis model group, rats were randomly divided into 2 groups (5 rats each group). Rats were injected intraperitoneally with a mixture of CCl4 (1 mL/kg body weight) and olive oil [1:1 (v/v)] twice a week for 4 wk. In the SKLB010-treated groups, SKLB010 (100 mg/kg) was given once daily by oral gavage for 4 wk after CCl4 administration. The rats were sacrificed one week after the last injection and the livers from each group were harvested and fixed in 10% formalin for HE and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: In this rat acute liver injury model, oral administration of SKLB010 blocked liver tissue injury by down-regulating the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, suppressing inflammatory infiltration to liver tissue, and improving the histological architecture of liver. SKLB010 inhibited the activation of NF-κB by suppressing the degradation of IκB, and prevented the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1ß, and the reactive free radical, nitric oxide, at the transcriptional and translational levels. In this chronic liver fibrosis model, treatment with 100 mg/kg per day SKLB010 attenuated the degree of hepatic fibrosis and area of collagen, and blocked the accumulation of smooth-muscle actin-expressed cells. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that SKLB010 is a potent therapeutic agent for the treatment of CCl4-induced hepatic injury.

A phosphoinositide 3-kinase-gamma inhibitor, AS605240 prevents bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats.

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase-gamma (PI3Kgamma) has been identified to play the critical roles in inflammatory cells activation and recruitment in multiply inflammatory diseases and it promised to be a prospective target for relevant inflammatory diseases therapy. AS605240, a selective PI3Kgamma inhibitor, has been proved effective on several inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of AS605240 on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Our results showed that orally administration of AS605240 significantly prevented lung inflammation and reduced collagen deposition. AS605240 also inhibited augmented expression of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta induced by bleomycin instillation. Moreover, the mRNA levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in lung were remarkably suppressed. Histological assessment found that AS605240 reduced the expression of TGF-beta(1) and prevented T lymphocytes infiltration to lung. Phospho-Akt level in inflammatory cells by blocking PI3Kgamma was down-regulated and the inhibition of Akt phosphorylation was further confirmed by Western blot. Our findings illustrated that AS605240 was effective for preventing pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing inflammatory cells recruitment and production of inflammatory cytokines. These findings also suggest that PI3Kgamma may be a useful target in treating inflammation diseases and AS605240 may represent a promising novel agent for the future therapy of pulmonary fibrosis.

[Study on the relationship of family functioning and subjective well-being of junior-high school students].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the status of subjective well-being among junior high school students in a city of Jiangxi Province and to explore the relationship between family functioning and subjective well-being. To explore the relationship between growth environment and subjective well-being among junior high school students in the perspective of family functioning and to provide basis and data for the mental health education among junior high school students. METHODS: 630 students in a junior high school in Jiangxi Province were sampled by stratified cluster sampling, and 103 junior high school students from 18 villages were sampled by household survey. They were investigated by subjective well-being scale for adolescents and Family Assessment Device. RESULTS: (1)The overall subjective well-being of junior high school students was in the lower-middle level. Regarding all the dimensions of subjective well-being, they had the highest satisfaction on family and friendship, lowest academic satisfaction, low positive as well as passive emotion. (2)Girls had higher satisfaction on friendship and freedom than that of boys; children from families with more than one kids had more negative emotion than that of single child; boarding students had higher satisfaction on family, academics and freedom than that of non-boarding students; family residence and structure affected the satisfaction on family; grade and learning achievement affected some dimensions of subjective well-being among junior high school students. (3)Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis showed that some dimensions of family functioning were related to certain dimensions of subjective well-being among junior school students, and family functioning could predict the level of subjective well-being. CONCLUSION: The overall subjective well-being of junior high school students is in the lower-middle level, and further improving is needed. Family functioning has a great influence on junior school students' subjective well-being. Junior high school students who have healthy family functioning are more likely to have higher life satisfaction, and tend to experience higher subjective well-being.

Vulnerability to HIV infection and related health risk behaviors of the out of school adolescents migrated with their parents to Beijing.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the vulnerability to HIV infection and related risk behaviors of the out-of-school adolescents who migrated with their parents from rural areas to cities. METHODS: From September to October 2005, 260 out-of-school adolescents aged 14-20 years were interviewed through a questionnaire. RESULTS: Out-of-school adolescents lacked HIV/AIDS knowledge and related life skills, and their psychosocial competency was relatively low. The interviewed adolescents were open in their sexuality, showing a low rate of condom use. Their attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS and HIV/AIDS prevention competency were positively correlated with family well-being, harmonious relations between their parents, a stable job, knowledge, life skill, and psychosocial competency for emotion control and empathy. CONCLUSION: Out-of-school adolescents are highly vulnerable to HIV/AIDS infection and transmission. Practical and feasible health and life skill education and psychosocial competency are the keys to effective HIV/AIDS prevention among out-of-school adolescent migrants.

[Human immunodeficiency virus vulnerabilities and related health risk behaviors of out-of-school children of the floating population in Beijing].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the vulnerability and related risk behaviors of the out-of-school adolescents floating with their parents from country to city. METHODS: From September to October in 2005, 260 out-of-school adolescents who were 14 to 20 years old were investigated in our study. RESULTS: The out-of-school adolescents lacked of HIV/AIDS knowledge and life skills, and their psychosocial competence was at a lower level. The adolescents were open-minded to sex, but they were not conscious of using condoms. Attitude towards people with HIV was positively correlated with a well-being family, harmonious relation between their parents, a stable job, knowledge, life skills and psychosocial competence (such as in control of emotions, empathy). Their life skills were positively correlated with their mothers' schooling satisfaction with family income, a stable job, high scores of knowledge, social responsibility,and interpersonal relationship. Competence of HIV/AIDS prevention was positively correlated with schooling, a stable job, knowledge, life skills, and psychosocial competence. CONCLUSION: Out-of-school adolescents were vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. Individual level intervention combined with structural intervention could effectively reduce their vulnerability. Effective and feasible health education approach to enhance their life skills and psychosocial competence was a key point to health education on HIV/AIDS prevention.

[The community health diagnosis of life-way disease in Peking University Health Science Center].

OBJECTIVE: To study the basic information of life way disease and the corresponding risk factors of behavior in the community of Peking University Health Science Center, understand the background issue and social support system, and analyze the requirement for community health service so that the critical issue for health can be dealt with and the comprehensive program of prevention and treatment of the disease can be accordingly supplied. METHODS: The random face to face questionnaire about life way disease and risk factors in 1051 residents over 6 years of age in the community of Peking University Health Science Center was conducted according to the typical sampling principle in 1 primary school, 1 middle school, 1 university and its community, and the investigations of health data from the hospital and the police office in the community were also conducted through discussing about life ways risk factors. Accordingly , the data obtained by way of EXCEL were analyzed and processed using SPSS 11.5. RESULTS: Diagnostic data of demography, epidemiology, behavior environment, education and organization were obtained concerning the public health of the Peking University Health Science Center community. CONCLUSION: The key health issue in the Peking University Health Science Center community is significantly influenced by the bad way of life. And some behavior risk factors, such as fatness, lack of outdoor exercise in the community members. Thus, the major necessary health service of Peking University Health Science Center residents is to carry out a comprehensive management program of life way disease for the whole people.

Improving the precision of the keyword-matching pornographic text filtering method using a hybrid model.

With the flooding of pornographic information on the Internet, how to keep people away from that offensive information is becoming one of the most important research areas in network information security. Some applications which can block or filter such information are used. Approaches in those systems can be roughly classified into two kinds: metadata based and content based. With the development of distributed technologies, content based filtering technologies will play a more and more important role in filtering systems. Keyword matching is a content based method used widely in harmful text filtering. Experiments to evaluate the recall and precision of the method showed that the precision of the method is not satisfactory, though the recall of the method is rather high. According to the results, a new pornographic text filtering model based on reconfirming is put forward. Experiments showed that the model is practical, has less loss of recall than the single keyword matching method, and has higher precision.

[Influence of FasL overexpression in transgenic mice on the immune regulative function of Sertoli cell].

AIM: To study the influence of FasL overexpression in transgenic mice on the Sertoli cell immune response to testicular infection. METHODS: Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) was directly injected into bladders of FasL transgenic mice and wild-type mice respectively, to mimic an ascending infection pathway. At week 1, 2 and 3 after injection, respectively, the mice were put to death to observe the pathological alterations in testis section. And at the same time the differences of FasL, TGF-beta, IL-1alpha and IL-6 expressions on Sertoli cells were compared by immunohistochemical staining between wild mice and transgenic mice before and after infection, respectively. The high-purified Sertoli cells were isolated from the testis tissue of wild-type mice, comparing apoptotic capability of Fas(+) Jurkat cells mediated by FasL(+) Sertoli cells of wild control and wild UU-infected groups. RESULTS: The pathological changes of testis tissue from transgenic mice were more serious as compared with wild-type mice and the model of cytokines secreted by sertoli cells was distinctive between the two kinds of mice. The UU-infected Sertoli cells increased Fas(+) Jurkat cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION: FasL overexpression can influence the cytokine's secretion in the process of anti-infection immunity and further affects the immune balance of testis locality. Not all FasL over expression is benefit to body's anti-infection immune response.

Cognitive impairment in mice over-expressing gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 (GAT1).

There is increasing evidence that GABAergic system plays an important role in the neural control of learning and memory processes. GAT1 over-expressing mice (NA) were generated, in which GAT1 is under the control of a neuron-specific enolase (NSE) promoter, to investigate effects of GABA transporter on cognitive function. Our results revealed that NA mice displayed cognitive deterioration in associative learning ability and new object recognition retention, compared with the wild-type littermates (WT2). However, the impaired cognitive function of transgenic mice could be rescued after chronic administration of GAT1 selective inhibitor for 6 days. In addition, there was no change of the expression of NMDA receptors in NA mice. Taken together, we show a potentially important role for GAT1 in the neural control of cognitive processes, and indicate great potential for GAT1 as a clinical target of cognitive disorders.